71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1523-15 X射线光电子能谱法中电荷控制和电荷参考技术的标准指南

5.1 The acquisition of chemical information from variations in the energy position of peaks in the XPS spectrum is of primary interest in the use of XPS as a surface analytical tool. Surface charging acts to shift spectral peaks independent of their chemical relationship to other elements on the same surface. The desire to eliminate the influence of surface charging on the peak positions and peak shapes has resulted in the development of several empirical methods designed to assist in the interpretation of the XPS peak positions, determine surface chemistry, and allow comparison of spectra of conducting and non-conducting systems of the same element. It is assumed that the spectrometer is generally working properly for non-insulating specimens (see Practice E902). 5.2 Although highly reliable methods have now been developed to stabilize surface potentials during XPS analysis of most materials (5, 6), no single method has been developed to deal with surface charging in all circumstances (10, 11). For insulators, an appropriate choice of any control or referencing system will depend on the nature of the specimen, the instruments, and the information needed. The appropriate use of charge control and referencing techniques will result in more consistent, reproducible data. Researchers are strongly urged to report both the control and referencing techniques that have been used, the specific peaks and binding energies used as standards (if any), and the criteria applied in determining optimum results so that the appropriate comparisons may be made. 1.1 This guide acquaints the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) user with the various charge control and charge shift referencing techniques that are and have been used in the acquisition and interpretation of XPS data from surfaces of insulating specimens and provides information needed for reporting the methods used to customers or in the literature. 1.2 This guide is intended to apply to charge control and charge referencing techniques in XPS and is not necessarily applicable to electron-excited systems. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide to Charge Control and Charge Referencing Techniques in X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

ASTM D7183-15 用紫外荧光法测定芳香烃和相关化学品中总硫的标准试验方法

5.1 Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur-bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds, sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for purposes of regulatory control. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals. 1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with sulfur concentrations from 0.5 to 100 mg/kg. With careful analytical technique, this method can be used to successfully analyze concentrations below the current scope (see Appendix X1). 1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

ASTM D6350-14 采用原子荧光光谱法对天然气中汞进行取样和分析的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method can be used to determine the total mercury concentration of a natural gas stream down to 0.001 μg/m3. It can be used to assess compliance with environmental regulations, predict possible damage to gas plant equipment, and monitor the efficiency of mercury removal beds. Where L1 and L2 are the specimen lengths at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively. α is, therefore, obtained by dividing the linear expansion per unit length by the change in temperature. 4.2 The preferred sampling method for mercury collection is on supported gold sorbent, which allows the element to be trapped and extracted from the interfering matrix of the gas. Thermal desorption of mercury is performed by raising the temperature of the trap by means of a nichrome wire coiled around it. 4.3 The preferred sampling method for mercury collection is on supported gold sorbent, which allows the element to be trapped and extracted from the interfering matrix of the gas. Thermal desorption of mercury is performed by raising the temperature of the trap by means of a nichrome wire coiled around it. 4.4 Since AFS demonstrates lower detection limits approaching 0.1 pg, this test method avoids difficulties associated with prolonged sampling time. Saturation of the trap with interferants such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is avoided. Average sampling can range between 15 to 30 min, or less. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total mercury in natural gas streams down to 0.001 μg/m3. It includes procedures to both obtaining a representative sample and the atomic fluorescence detection of the analyte. This procedure can be applied for both organic and inorganic mercury compounds. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception: Inch-pound units are used in Sections 5.1.2 and 7.3 when discussing pressure regulator usage. 1.3 Warning: Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.

Standard Test Method for Mercury Sampling and Analysis in Natural Gas by Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

ASTM C1163-14 使用氟化钕的阿尔法光谱法用的锕系元素测定的标准实施规程

5.1 The determination of actinides by alpha spectrometry is an essential function of many environmental and other programs. Alpha spectrometry allows the identification and quantification of most alpha-emitting actinides. Although numerous separation methods are used, the final sample preparation technique has historically been by electrodeposition (Practice C1284). However, electrodeposition may have some drawbacks, such as time required, incompatibility with prior chemistry, thick deposits, and low recoveries. These problems may be minimized by using the neodymium fluoride coprecipitation method whose performance is well documented (1-6).4 To a lesser extent cerium fluoride has been used (7) but is not addressed in this practice. 5.2 The sample mounting technique described in this practice is rapid, adds an additional purification step, since only those elements that form insoluble fluorides are mounted, and the sample and filter media can be dissolved and remounted if problems occur. The recoveries are better and resolution approaches normal in electrodeposited samples. Recoveries are sufficiently high that for survey work, if quantitative recoveries are not necessary, tracers can be omitted. Drawbacks to this technique include use of very hazardous hydrofluoric acid and the possibility of a non-reproducible and ill-defined counting geometry from filters that are not flat and may not be suitable for long retention. Also, although the total turn around time for coprecipitation may be less than for electrodeposition, coprecipitation requires more time and attention from the analyst. 1.1 This practice covers the preparation of separated fractions of actinides for alpha spectrometry. It is applicable to any of the actinides that can be dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid. Examples of applicable samples would be the final elution from an ion exchange separation or the final strip from a solvent extraction separation.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.

Standard Practice for Mounting Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride

ASTM D6569-14 在线测量pH值的标准试验方法

5.1 pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion activity in water. It is a major parameter affecting the corrosivity and scaling properties of water, biological life in water and many applications of chemical process control. It is therefore important in water purification, use and waste treatment before release to the environment. 5.2 On-line pH measurement is preferred over laboratory measurement to obtain real time, continuous values for automatic control and monitoring purposes. 1.1 This test method covers the continuous determination of pH of water by electrometric measurement using the glass, the antimony or the ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET) electrode as the sensor. 1.2 This test method does not cover measurement of samples with less than 100 μS/cm conductivity. Refer to Test Method D5128. 1.3 This test method does not cover laboratory or grab sample measurement of pH. Refer to Test Method D1293. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of pH

ASTM D5128-14 在线测量低电导率水pH值的标准试验方法

5.1 Continuous pH measurements in low conductivity samples are sometimes required in pure water treatment using multiple pass reverse osmosis processes. Membrane rejection efficiency for several contaminants depends on pH measurement and control between passes where the conductivity is low. 5.2 Continuous pH measurement is used to monitor power plant cycle chemistry where small amounts of ammonia or amines or both are added to minimize corrosion by high temperature pure water and steam. 5.3 Conventional pH measurements are made in solutions that contain relatively large amounts of acid, base, or dissolved salts. Under these conditions, pH determinations may be made quickly and precisely. Continuous on-line pH measurements in water samples of low conductivity are more difficult (4, 5). These low ionic strength solutions are susceptible to contamination from the atmosphere, sample stream hardware, and the pH electrodes. Variations in the constituent concentration of low conductivity waters cause liquid junction potential shifts (see 3.2.1) resulting in pH measurement errors. Special precautions are required. 1.1 This test method covers the precise on-line determination of pH in water samples of conductivity lower than 100 μS/cm (see Table 1 and Table 2) over the pH range of 3 to 11 (see Fig. 1), under field operating conditions. pH measurements of water of low conductivity are problematic for conventional pH electrodes, methods, and related measurement apparatus. TABLE 1 Calculated Conductivity and pH Values at 25°C of Low Concentrations of NaOH in Pure Water8201;ANote 1—This table tabulates the theoretical conductivity and pH values of low levels of NaOH in pure water as calculated from available thermodynamic data. Note 2—To illustrate the high sensitivity of the sample pH at these low concentrations to contaminants, the last column lists errors that would result if the sample were contaminated with an additional 1 mg/L through sample or equipment handling errors. Sample Concentration, mg/L Sample Conductivity, μS/cm Sample pH

Standard Test Method for On-Line pH Measurement of Water of Low Conductivity

ASTM D6886-14e1 使用气相色谱法测定水性风干涂料中重量百分比个别挥发性有机化合物的标准试验方法

5.1 In using Practice D3960 to measure the volatile organic compound content of waterborne coatings, precision can be poor for low volatile organic compound content air-dry coatings if the volatile organic weight percent is determined indirectly. The present method directly identifies and then quantifies the weight percent of individual volatile organic compounds in air-dry coatings (Note 6). The total volatile organic weight percent can be obtained by adding the individual weight percent values (Note 7). Note 6: The present method may be used to speciate solvent-borne air-dry coatings. However, since these normally contain high, and often complex, quantities of solvent, precision tends to be better using other methods contained in Practice D3960, where the volatile fraction is determined by a direct weight loss determination. Note 7: Detectable compounds may result from thermal decomposition in a hot injection port or from reaction with the extraction solvent. If it can be shown that a material is a decomposition product, or is the result of a reaction with the extraction solvent, then results for that compound should be discounted from the volatile measured by Test Method D6886. 1.1 This test method is for the determination of the weight percent of individual volatile organic compounds in waterborne air-dry coatings (Note 1). 1.2 This method may be used for the analysis of coatings containing silanes, siloxanes, and silane-siloxane blends. 1.3 This method is not suitable for the analysis of coatings that cure by chemical reaction (this includes two-component coatings and coatings which cure when heated) because the dilution herein required will impede the chemical reaction required for these types of coatings. 1.4 This method can be used to determine the weight percent organic content of waterborne coatings in which the volatile organic compound weight percent is below 5 percent. The method has been used successfully with higher content waterborne coatings and with solventborne coatings (Note 2). 1.5 This method may also be used to measure the exempt volatile organic compound content (for example, acetone, methyl acetate, t-butyl acetate and p-chlorobezotrifluoride) of waterborne and solvent-borne coatings. Check local regulations for a list of exempt compounds. The methodology is virtually identical to that used in Test Method D6133 which, as written, is specific for only exempt volatile compounds. 1.6 Volatile compounds that are presen......

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Weight Percent Individual Volatile Organic Compounds in Waterborne Air-Dry Coatings by Gas Chromatography

ASTM E2735-14 选择X射线光电子光谱40;XPS41试验所需校准的标准指南

4.1 The purpose of this guide is assist users and analysts in selecting the standardization procedures relevant to a defined XPS experiment. These experiments may be based, for example, upon material failure analysis, the determination of surface chemistry of a solid, or the composition profile of a thin film or coating. A series of options will be summarized giving the standards that are related to specific information requirements. ISO 15470 and ISO 10810 also aid XPS users in experiment design for typical samples. ASTM Committee E42 and ISO TC201 are in a continuous process of updating and adding standards and guides. It is recommended to refer to the ASTM and ISO websites for a current list of standards. 1.1 This guide describes an approach to enable users and analysts to determine the calibrations and standards useful to obtain meaningful surface chemistry data with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and to optimize the instrument for specific analysis objectives and data collection time. 1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide will be applicable in all circumstances. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Selection of Calibrations Needed for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 40;XPS41; Experiments

ASTM D6071-14 用石墨反应堆原子吸收光谱法测定高纯度水中低水平钠的标准试验方法

5.1 Small quantities of sodium, 1 to 10 μg/L, can be significant in high pressure boiler systems and in nuclear power systems. Steam condensate from such systems must have less than 10 μg/L. In addition, condensate polishing system effluents should have less than 1 μg/L. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) represents technique for determining low concentrations of sodium. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace sodium in high purity water. The method range of concentration is 1 to 40 μg/L sodium. The analyst may extend the range once its applicability has been ascertained. Note 1: It is necessary to perform replicate analysis and take an average to accurately determine values at the lower end of the stated range. 1.2 This test method is a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace sodium impurities in ultra high purity water. 1.3 This test method has been used successfully with a high purity water matrix.2 It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the suitability of the test method for other matrices. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Low Level Sodium in High Purity Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D6886-14 使用气相色谱法测定水性气干型涂料的重量百分比的个别挥发性有机化合物的标准试验方法

5.1 In using Practice D3960 to measure the volatile organic compound content of waterborne coatings, precision can be poor for low volatile organic compound content air-dry coatings if the volatile organic weight percent is determined indirectly. The present method directly identifies and then quantifies the weight percent of individual volatile organic compounds in air-dry coatings (Note 6). The total volatile organic weight percent can be obtained by adding the individual weight percent values (Note 7). Note 6: The present method may be used to speciate solvent-borne air-dry coatings. However, since these normally contain high, and often complex, quantities of solvent, precision tends to be better using other methods contained in Practice D3960, where the volatile fraction is determined by a direct weight loss determination. Note 7: Detectable compounds may result from thermal decomposition in a hot injection port or from reaction with the extraction solvent. If it can be shown that a material is a decomposition product, or is the result of a reaction with the extraction solvent, then results for that compound should be discounted from the volatile measured by Test Method D6886. 1.1 This test method is for the determination of the weight percent of individual volatile organic compounds in waterborne air-dry coatings (Note 1). 1.2 This method may be used for the analysis of coatings containing silanes, siloxanes, and silane-siloxane blends. 1.3 This method is not suitable for the analysis of coatings that cure by chemical reaction (this includes two-component coatings and coatings which cure when heated) because the dilution herein required will impede the chemical reaction required for these types of coatings. 1.4 This method can be used to determine the weight percent organic content of waterborne coatings in which the volatile organic compound weight percent is below 5 percent. The method has been used successfully with higher content waterborne coatings and with solventborne coatings (Note 2). 1.5 This method may also be used to measure the exempt volatile organic compound content (for example, acetone, methyl acetate, t-butyl acetate and p-chlorobezotrifluoride) of waterborne and solvent-borne coatings. Check local regulations for a list of exempt compounds. The methodology is virtually identical to that used in Test Method D6133 which, as written, is specific for only exempt volatile compounds. 1.6 Volatile compounds that are presen......

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Weight Percent Individual Volatile Organic Compounds in Waterborne Air-Dry Coatings by Gas Chromatography

ASTM G5-13e2 制定动电位阳极极化测量值的标准参考试验方法

3.1 The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and a standard plot should make it easy for an investigator to check his techniques. This should lead to polarization curves in the literature which can be compared with confidence. 3.2 Samples of a standard ferritic Type 430 stainless steel (UNS S43000) used in obtaining standard reference plot are available for those who wish to check their own test procedure and equipment.3 3.3 Standard potentiodynamic polarization plots are shown for a lot of material originally purchased in 1992. This test method is not applicable for standard material purchased before 1992. These reference data are based on the results from different laboratories that followed the standard procedure, using that material in 1.0 N H2SO4. The four sigma probability bands for current density values are shown at each potential to indicate the acceptable range of values. 3.4 This test method may not be appropriate for polarization testing of all materials or in all environments. 3.5 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the accuracy of a given electrochemical test apparatus, not for use in evaluating materials performance. Therefore, the use of the plots in Fig. 1 is not recommended to evaluate alloys other than Type 430, or lots of Type 430 other than those available through Metal Samples. The use of the data in this test method in this manner is beyond the scope and intended use of this test method. Users of this test method are advised to evaluate test results relative to the scatter bands corresponding to the particular lot of Type 430 stainless steel that was tested.CURRENT DENSITY (μA/cm2) 1.1 This test method covers an experimental procedure for checking experimental technique and instrumentation. If followed, this test method will provide repeatable potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurements that will reproduce data determined by others at other times and in other laboratories provided all laboratories are testing reference samples from the same lot of Type 430 stainless steel. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements

ASTM E1621-13 波长色散X射线荧光光谱法元素分析的标准指南

5.1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can provide an accurate and precise determination of metallic and many non-metallic elements in a wide variety of solid and liquid materials. This guide covers the information that should be included in an X-ray spectrometric analytical method and provides direction to the analyst for determining the optimum conditions needed to achieve acceptable accuracy. 5.2 The accuracy of a determination is a function of the calibration scheme, the sample preparation, and the sample homogeneity. Close attention to all aspects of these areas is necessary to achieve acceptable results. 5.3 All concepts discussed in this guide are explored in detail in a number of published texts and in the scientific literature. 1.1 This guide provides guidelines for developing and describing analytical procedures using a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer for elemental analysis of solid metals, ores, and related materials. Material forms discussed herein include solids, powders, and solid forms prepared by chemical and physical processes such as borate fusion and pressing of briquettes. 1.2 Liquids are not discussed in this guide because they are much less frequently encountered in metals and mining laboratories. However, aqueous liquids can be processed by borate fusion to create solids specimens, and X-ray spectrometers can be equipped to handle liquids directly. 1.3 Some provisions of this guide may be applicable to the use of an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM D6071-13 用石墨反应堆原子吸收光谱法测定高纯度水中低水平钠的标准试验方法

5.1 Small quantities of sodium, 1 to 10 μg/L, can be significant in high pressure boiler systems and in nuclear power systems. Steam condensate from such systems must have less than 10 μg/L. In addition, condensate polishing system effluents should have less than 1 μg/L. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) represents technique for determining low concentrations of sodium. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace sodium in high purity water. The method range of concentration is 1 to 40 μg/L sodium. The analyst may extend the range once its applicability has been ascertained. Note 1—It is necessary to perform replicate analysis and take an average to accurately determine values at the lower end of the stated range. 1.2 This test method is a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace sodium impurities in ultra high purity water. 1.3 This test method has been used successfully with a high purity water matrix.2 It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the suitability of the test method for other matrices. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Low Level Sodium in High Purity Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM E2627-13 使用完全再结晶多晶材料中的电子背散射衍射 (EBSD) 测定平均粒径的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice provides a way to estimate the average grain size of polycrystalline materials. It is based on EBSD measurements of crystallographic orientation which are inherently quantitative in nature. This method has specific advantage over traditional optical grain size measurements in some materials, where it is difficult to find appropriate metallographic preparation procedures to adequately delineate grain boundaries. 1.1 This practice is used to determine grain size from measurements of grain areas from automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans of polycrystalline materials. 1.2 The intent of this practice is to standardize operation of an automated EBSD instrument to measure ASTM G directly from crystal orientation. The guidelines and caveats of E112 apply here, but the focus of this standard is on EBSD practice. 1.3 This practice is only applicable to fully recrystallized materials. 1.4 This practice is applicable to any crystalline material which produces EBSD patterns of sufficient quality that a high percentage of the patterns can be reliably indexed using automated indexing software. 1.5 The practice is applicable to any type of grain structure or grain size distribution. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Determining Average Grain Size Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in Fully Recrystallized Polycrystalline Materials

ASTM E2409-13 一, 二, 三和四乙二醇中以及一和二丙二醇中甘醇杂质的标准试验方法(气相色谱法)

4.1 Knowledge of the impurities is required to establish whether the product meets the requirements of its specifications. 1.1 This test method describes the gas chromatographic determination of glycol impurities in Mono-, Di- Tri- and Tetraethylene Glycol (MEG, DEG, TEG and TeEG) in the range of 5 to 3000 mg/kg, and in Mono- and Dipropylene Glycol (MPG and DPG) in the range 0.01 to 2.58201;% (m/m). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Glycol Impurities in Mono-, Di-, Tri- and Tetraethylene Glycol and in Mono- and Dipropylene Glycol(Gas Chromatographic Method)

ASTM G5-13e1 进行动电位阳极极化测量用试验方法的标准实施规程

3.1 The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and a standard plot should make it easy for an investigator to check his techniques. This should lead to polarization curves in the literature which can be compared with confidence. 3.2 Samples of a standard ferritic Type 430 stainless steel (UNS S43000) used in obtaining standard reference plot are available for those who wish to check their own test procedure and equipment.3 3.3 Standard potentiodynamic polarization plots are shown for a lot of material originally purchased in 1992. This test method is not applicable for standard material purchased before 1992. These reference data are based on the results from different laboratories that followed the standard procedure, using that material in 1.0 N H2SO4. The four sigma probability bands for current density values are shown at each potential to indicate the acceptable range of values. 3.4 This test method may not be appropriate for polarization testing of all materials or in all environments. 3.5 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the accuracy of a given electrochemical test apparatus, not for use in evaluating materials performance. Therefore, the use of the plots in Fig. 1 is not recommended to evaluate alloys other than Type 430, or lots of Type 430 other than those available through Metal Samples. The use of the data in this test method in this manner is beyond the scope and intended use of this test method. Users of this test method are advised to evaluate test results relative to the scatter bands corresponding to the particular lot of Type 430 stainless steel that was tested. 1.1 This test method covers an experimental procedure for checking experimental technique and instrumentation. If followed, this test method will provide repeatable potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurements that will reproduce data determined by others at other times and in other laboratories provided all laboratories are testing reference samples from the same lot of Type 430 stainless steel. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements

ASTM E1915-13 金属矿石及相关材料中碳, 硫和酸碱特性分析的标准试验方法

4.1 These test methods are primarily intended to test materials for compliance with compositional specifications and for monitoring. 4.1.1 The determination of carbon and sulfur and acid neutralization potential in ores and related materials is necessary to classify ores for metallurgical processing and to classify waste materials from the mining and processing of ores such as leach residues, waste rock, and tailings according to their potential to generate acid in the environment. This information is useful during mine development to assist in mining and mineral processing operations and for proper disposal of waste materials. 4.1.1.1 The use of the acid neutralization potential titration low range method is most useful where acidity is present in the samples and when acid potential by titration is desired in the uncertain content range below 2 % CaCO3. 4.1.2 These test methods are also used to isolate minerals based on carbon and sulfur contents of metal-bearing ores and related materials so that acid-base accounting can be performed (that is, carbonate mineral acid neutralization potential (ANP) minus sulfide-sulfur mineral acid generation potential (AGP) = net calcium carbonate (NCC)). 4.1.3 Additionally, the carbon hydrochloric acid insoluble test method has utility to identify the amount of organic carbon contained in gold ores so that potential for preg robbing can be identified and rectified through established pretreatment methods prior to cyanidation. Warning—Pyrolysis pretreatment at 5508201;°C has a potential to thermally decompose some carbonate minerals: (1) transition metal carbonates (for example, siderite, FeCO3, and rhodochrosite, MnCO3) decompose, yielding carbon dioxide, CO2, in the range of 2208201;°C to 5208201;°C; (2) calcite decomposes slightly between 3008201;°C and 5008201;°C, although most decomposition occurs above 5508201;°C; (3) dolomite decomposes at 8008201;°C to 9008201;°C (Hammack, 1994, p. 440).3 4.2 These test methods also may be used for the classification of rock to be used in construction, where the potential to generate acid under environmental conditions exists. 4.3 It is assumed that the users of these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882 must be followed. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of total carbon and sulfur and acid-base characteristics in metal bearing ores and related materials such as leach residues, tailings, and waste rock within the following ranges:

Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials for Carbon, Sulfur, and Acid-Base Characteristics

ASTM E1898-13 用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中银的标准试验方法

5.1 In the primary metallurgical processes used by the mineral processing industry for copper bearing ores, copper and silver associated with sulfide mineralization are concentrated by the process of flotation for recovery of the metals. 5.2 This test method is a comparative method and is intended to be a referee method for compliance with compositional specifications for metal content or to monitor processes. 5.3 It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of silver in the range of 13 μg/g to 500 μg/g by acid dissolution of the silver and measurement by atomic absorption spectrometry. Copper concentrates are internationally traded within the following content ranges: Element Unit Content Range Aluminum % 0.05 to 2.50 Antimony % 0.0001 to 4.50 Arsenic % 0.01 to 0.50 Barium % 0.003 to 0.10 Bismuth

Standard Test Method for Determination of Silver in Copper Concentrates by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM E2911-13 拉曼光谱仪相对强度校正的标准指南

4.1 Generally, Raman spectra measured using grating-based dispersive or Fourier transform Raman spectrometers have not been corrected for the instrumental response (spectral responsivity of the detection system). Raman spectra obtained with different instruments may show significant variations in the measured relative peak intensities of a sample compound. This is mainly as a result of differences in their wavelength-dependent optical transmission and detector efficiencies. These variations can be particularly large when widely different laser excitation wavelengths are used, but can occur when the same laser excitation is used and spectra of the same compound are compared between instruments. This is illustrated in Fig. 1, which shows the uncorrected luminescence spectrum of SRM 2241, acquired upon four different commercially available Raman spectrometers operating with 785 nm laser excitation. Instrumental response variations can also occur on the same instrument after a component change or service work has been performed. Each spectrometer, due to its unique combination of filters, grating, collection optics and detector response, has a very unique spectral response. The spectrometer dependent spectral response will of course also affect the shape of Raman spectra acquired upon these systems. The shape of this response is not to be construed as either “good or bad” but is the result of design considerations by the spectrometer manufacturer. For instance, as shown in Fig. 1, spectral coverage can vary considerably between spectrometer systems. This is typically a deliberate tradeoff in spectrometer design, where spectral coverage is sacrificed for enhanced spectral resolution. 1.1 This guide is designed to enable the user to correct a Raman spectrometer for its relative spectral-intensity response function using NIST Standard Reference Materials2 in the 224X series (currently SRMs 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246), or a calibrated irradiance source. This relative intensity correction procedure will enable the intercomparison of Raman spectra acquired from differing instruments, excitation wavelengths, and laboratories. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 Because of the significant dangers associated with the use of lasers, ANSI Z136.1 or suitable regional standards should be followed in conjunction with this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Relative Intensity Correction of Raman Spectrometers

ASTM E2735-13 X射线光电子光谱法 (XPS) 试验所需校准选择的标准指南

4.1 The purpose of this guide is assist users and analysts in selecting the standardization procedures relevant to a defined XPS experiment. These experiments may be based, for example, upon material failure analysis, the determination of surface chemistry of a solid, or the composition profile of a thin film or coating. A series of options will be summarized giving the standards that are related to specific information requirements. ISO 15470 and ISO 10810 also aid XPS users in experiment design for typical samples. ASTM Committee E42 and ISO TC201 are in a continuous process of updating and adding standards and guides. It is recommended to refer to the ASTM and ISO websites for a current list of standards. 1.1 This guide describes an approach to enable users and analysts to determine the calibrations and standards useful to obtain meaningful surface chemistry data with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and to optimize the instrument for specific analysis objectives and data collection time. 1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide will be applicable in all circumstances. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Selection of Calibrations Needed for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Experiments